Estudio de Línea Base de las Concentraciones de Metales Pesados en Chocolate en Polvo Comercializado en Guayaquil, Ecuador

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Olga Raquel Arévalo Castro
Cristhian Enrique S´ánchez-Soledispa
Diana Carolina Zambrano-Vera
Vinicio Xavier Macas-Espinosa
Beatriz Pernía-Santos
David Eloy García-Asencio
Donatto Arnaldo Jiménez-Salazar

Resumen

     En Ecuador se ha demostrado contaminación por metales pesados en el cacao; sin embargo, no se ha estudiado el impacto de esta contaminación sobre el chocolate en polvo de consumo nacional. El objetivo de este estudio fue generar una línea base de la concentración de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en chocolate en polvo comercializado en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Para ello, se adquirieron muestras de chocolate en las zonas norte, centro y sur de la ciudad en tiendas y supermercados. Se eligieron tres marcas más populares y se analizaron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con horno de grafito. El plomo no fue detectable en el chocolate; el As se encontró en bajos niveles en la Marca-1 (0,030 ± 0,021 mg/kg) y la Marca-3 (0,060 ± 0,034 mg/kg), y, por el contrario, se halló cadmio en todas las marcas de chocolate, con concentraciones de 0,236 ± 0,082 mg/kg en la Marca-1, 0,169 ± 0,066 mg/kg en la Marca-2 y la Marca-3 superó el límite máximo permisible de 0.600 mg/kg según normativa europea con 1,440 ± 0,212 mg/kg, representando un riesgo para los consumidores.


 

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Arévalo Castro, O. R., S´ánchez-Soledispa, C. E. ., Zambrano-Vera, D. C. ., Macas-Espinosa, V. X. ., Pernía-Santos, B., García-Asencio, D. E. ., & Jiménez-Salazar, D. A. (2021). Estudio de Línea Base de las Concentraciones de Metales Pesados en Chocolate en Polvo Comercializado en Guayaquil, Ecuador. INVESTIGATIO, (16), 62–77. https://doi.org/10.31095/investigatio.2021.16.6
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