Intake of non-caloric sweeteners: solution or problem?
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Abstract
Sweeteners, used as sugar substitutes, are evaluated by organizations like the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives to determine safe levels. While some studies suggest sweeteners have little impact on glucose metabolism, their long-term effectiveness for weight loss is debated. WHO advises against their consumption for weight control, except for people with diabetes. Although replacing sugars with sweeteners may reduce weight short-term, it is not sustainable long-term. Emphasizing the importance of maintaining dietary balance, the promotion of sugar-free foods like fruits is encouraged. Sweetener consumption should align with global recommendations, considering local contexts. Some evidence suggests potential negative effects on cardiometabolic health and body composition, although literature inconsistencies exist. Experts note that non-caloric sweeteners cannot definitively be labeled carcinogenic, but some may have adverse effects like proinflammatory properties and alterations to the intestinal microbiota. Awareness of moderate sweetener consumption is underscored, promoting healthy eating habits and the need for additional studies on potential health risks.
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