Big Four market concentration: What's going on in Chile
Main Article Content
Abstract
The audit market is of international relevance and gives confidence to the markets. The Big Four firms (from now on, B4) have a global scope, prestige, and turnover that are not alien to the interest of concentrating important client portfolios. This study reviews 13 years of B4 participation in the 29 IPSA companies in Chile and includes 348 audit reports consulted. The objective is to understand the level of market concentration, reveal the story of firm and partner rotation, female participation at the signing partner level, and describe the status of the reports. The results show a high concentration of B4s in IPSA, low firm/partner turnover, low female presence, and partners exceeding time for the same entity. This study provides empirical data on this industry in Chile and proposes a discussion on the importance of auditor rotation.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
When an article is approved, the author or authors keep the rights or authorship and cede to PODIUM the right to be the first able to edit it, reproduce it, exhibit it and communicate it by printed or electronica media.
In order to reinforce our open access policy, PODIUM journal is published under a license named “Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC-BY-NC 4.0)”. This license allows sharing (copying and redistributing the material in any means or format) and adapting (re-mixing, transforming, and creating starting from the material). Corresponding credits must be given and no commercial use of the materials is allowed.
Partial or complete reproduction of articles published in PODIUM is authorized, as long as the author is appropriately cited as the source and the reproduction has no commercial purposes.
References
Ahn, J., Akamah, H., y Shu, S. Q. (2021). The effect of disclosing audit quality control deficiencies on non-audit tax services: Evidence from Deloitte’s 2007 PCAOB Part II inspection report. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 40(5), 106820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2021.106820
Akerlof, G. (1970). “The market for lemons: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism”. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-500.
Barbadillo, E. R., Aguilar, N. G., y Pena, N. C. (2009). Derogación de la Rotación Obligatoria de Auditores y Calidad de la Auditoría. Revista de Economía Aplicada, 17(49), 105-134.
Bayón, P. S. (2014). La rotación obligatoria de las firmas auditoras de entidades de interés público en la reforma comunitaria. En El derecho y sus razones: aportaciones de jóvenes investigadores (pp. 271-279). Bubok Publishing.
Beattie, V., Goodacre, A., y Fearnley, S. (2003). And then there were four: A study of UK audit market concentration ‐ causes, consequences and the scope for market adjustment. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 11(3), 250-265. https://doi.org/10.1108/13581980310810561
Bell, T. B., Causholli, M., y Knechel, W. R. (2015). Audit Firm Tenure, Non-Audit Services, and Internal Assessments of Audit Quality: Audit Firm Tenure, Non-Audit Services, Audit Quality. Journal of Accounting Research, 53(3), 461-509. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679X.12078
Cao, Y., y Feng, Z. (2022). Do supply shocks in the audit partner labor market affect auditor choice? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. China Journal of Accounting Research, 15(1), 100221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2022.100221
Comisión Europea. (2021). Informe de la comisión al Parlamento Europeo, al Consejo, al Banco Central Europeo y a la Junta Europea de Riesgo Sistémico. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:52021DC0029&from=EN
Comisión para el Mercado Financiero- CMF. (2013). Norma de Carácter General (NCG). Pub. L. No. 355. https://www.cmfchile.cl/normativa/ncg_355_2013.pdf
Comisión para el Mercado Financiero. (2012, noviembre 28). Desafío de los Auditores Externos, Asociación de Auditores Externos A.G., Santiago de Chile. https://www.cmfchile.cl/portal/prensa/615/w3-article-13365.html
Committee on Capital Markets Regulation. (2011, diciembre 14). Concept Release on Auditor Independence and Audit Firm Rotation. https://capmktsreg.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/The-Committee-submits-comment-letter-to-the-PCAOB-regarding-auditor-independence-and-audit-firm-rotation.pdf
Competition and Markets Authority. (2019). Statutory Audit Markets Study. https://www.gov.uk/
Congreso Nacional de Chile. (2022). Ley de Mercado de Valores, Pub. L. No. 18045. https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=29472y idParte=8508267y idVersion=
Dambrin, C., y Lambert, C. (2008). Mothering or auditing? The case of two Big Four in France. Accounting, Auditing y Accountability Journal, 21(4), 474-506. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570810872897
Eshleman, J. D., y Lawson, B. P. (2017). Audit Market Structure and Audit Pricing. Accounting Horizons, 31(1), 57-81. https://doi.org/10.2308/acch-51603
Garcia-Blandon, J., Argilés-Bosch, J. M., y Ravenda, D. (2019). Is there a gender effect on the quality of audit services? Journal of Business Research, 96, 238-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.024
Gómez, G., Sandoval Imán, J. E., y Poma, H. (2022). La concentración del mercado de la auditoría en Perú. Cuadernos de Contabilidad, 22. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.cc22.cmap
Gómez-Villegas, M. y Quintanilla, D. (2012). Los informes de responsabilidad social empresarial: su evolución y tendencias en el contexto internacional y colombiano. Cuadernos de Contabilidad, 13(32), 121-158.
Gunn, J. L., Kawada, B. S., y Michas, P. N. (2019). Audit market concentration, audit fees, and audit quality: A cross-country analysis of complex audit clients. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 38(6), 106693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2019.106693
Gutiérrez, B., Pérez, D., y Barrera, C. (2019, octubre 9). Indicadores del grado de concentración de las firmas de auditoría en Colombia. XXIV Congreso Internacional de Contaduría, Administración e Informática, Ciudad de México, México. https://investigacion.fca.unam.mx/docs/memorias/2019/5.11.pdf
Hernández-Pajares, J. C., y Biel, C. G. (2021). Análisis y factores de divulgación de información de sostenibilidad en páginas web de empresas cotizadas peruanas. Correspondencias y Análisis, (14), 125-146.
ICAEW. (2021). Eu Audit Reforms: Analysing Different Impacts in the UK and Italy, 23.
Jensen, M., y Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360.
Navarrete Esparza, M., Mora Espinoza, M., y Zúñiga Arroyo, C. (2022). Análisis de la Rotación de las Big Four en el Mercado Financiero en Chile: Período 2010-2019. Revista de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Empresariales, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.22370/riace.2022.11.1.3575
Navarrete Esparza, M., Ruiz Cifuentes, J. C., y Escalona Pradenas, R. (2020). NIA 701- Experiencias en España y Reino Unido: Desafíos para los Auditores Independientes en Chile. Revista de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Empresariales, 9(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.22370/riace.2020.9.1.2600
PCAOB. (2011). PCAOB Release No. 2011-006. https://pcaobus.org/Rulemaking/Docket037/Release_2011-006.pdf
Reglamento Europeo. (2014). Pub. L. No. 537/2014, 36. https://www.boe.es/doue/2014/158/L00077-00112.pdf
Ross, S. (1979) Disclosure regulation in the financial markets: Implications of modern finance theory and signaling theory. Issues in Financial Regulation, 5, 177-202.
Ruiz Barbadillo, E., Rodríguez Castro, P. I., y Biedma López, E. (2016). Barreras de entrada, concentración y competitividad en el mercado de auditoría español. Revista Española de Financiación y Contabilidad, 45(1), 92-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/02102412.2015.1092232
Salehi, M., Ibrahim Jebur, M., Orfizadeh, S., y Abbas Aljahnabi, A. M. (2022). The Relationship between Audit Adjustments and Audit Quality in Iraq. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(8), 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15080330
SARBANES-OXLEY.(2002). Pub. L. No. Public Law 107-204. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-1883/pdf/COMPS-1883.pdf
Velte, P., y Stiglbauer, M. (2012). Audit Market Concentration and Its Influence on Audit Quality. International Business Research, 5(11), 146. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n11p146
Willekens, M., Dekeyser, S., Bruynseels, L., y Numan, W. (2023). Auditor Market Power and Audit Quality Revisited: Effects of Market Concentration, Market Share Distance, and Leadership. Journal of Accounting, Auditing y Finance, 38(1), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558X20966249
Zamarra-Londoño, J., Pérez-Norela, D., y Pareja-Taborda, A. (2020). El informe de auditoría en los países del MILA. Desarrollo Gerencial, 12(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.17081/dege.12.1.3783